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Пуштуны, паштуны (пушту: پښتون зах. [paʂtun], усх. [paxtun], перс.: پختون [pæχtun], урду: پٹھان, хіндзі: पठान paṭhān [pəʈʰaːn]) або афганцы (перс.: افغانی [æfʁɒːniː]) — , які насяляе галоўным чынам паўднёвы ўсход, поўдзень і паўднёвы захад Афганістана і паўночны захад Пакістана, асноўнымі адметнымі характарыстыкамі якога служаць усходнеіранская мова пушту, традыцыі , кодэкс гонару і разгалінаваная рода-племянная структура. Дакладная колькасць пуштунаў не можа быць падлічана з прычыны адсутнасці перапісаў у Афганістане з 1979 года, але прыблізна яна ацэньваецца ў 42 млн чал., з іх толькі каля 30 % пражывае ў Афганістане, дзе пуштуны — вядучы і дамінантны этнас краіны.
| Пуштуны | |
|---|---|
   | |
| Саманазва | пушту: پښتون перс.: پختون |
| Колькасць | 42 млн. чалавек |
| Рассяленне |
 Малайзія і  Сінгапур — 5,1 тыс. чал. |
| Этнічныя мовы | пушту, таксама урду, дары |
| Традыцыйныя рэлігіі (канфесіі) | іслам (пераваж. суніцкага толку) |
| Блізкія этнасы | |
Вядомыя пуштуны
- Абдул Гафар-хан
Зноскі
- Population by Mother Tongue Архівавана 24 мая 2006., Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan . Retrieved 7 June 2006.
- Census of Afghans in Pakistan, UNHCR Statistical Summary Report . Retrieved 10 October 2006.
- Afghanistan Архівавана 20 верасня 2017., CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 7 June 2006.
- United Arab Emirates: Demography, Britannica.com . Retrieved 15 March 2008.
- Joshua Project. People-in-Country Profile. Pashtun
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2010 UNHCR country operations profile - Islamic Republic of Iran. Unhcr.org. Праверана 17 красавіка 2010.
- Maclean, William (2009-06-10). "Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns". Reuters. Праверана 2009-08-06.
- Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada(недаступная спасылка). 2.statcan.ca (11 снежня 2009). Архівавана з першакрыніцы 6 студзеня 2019. Праверана 17 красавіка 2010.
- Abstract of speakers’ strength of languages and mother tongues — 2001, Census of India . Retrieved 17 March 2008.
- Language Spoken at Home US Census Bureau . Retrieved 15 March 2008.
- http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php . Retrieved 6 September 2008.
- Globalized Islam: The Search For A New Ummah By Olivier Roy, pg. 261
- Khushal Khan Khattak(недаступная спасылка). Архівавана з першакрыніцы 14 лютага 2012. Праверана 9 жніўня 2012.
- Pashtun Ethnic Agenda at Heart of Afghan War
Літаратура
- Ahmad, Aisha and Boase, Roger. 2003. «Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier: From the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier.» Saqi Books (March 1, 2003). ISBN 0-86356-438-0.
- Ahmed, Akbar S. 1976. «Millennium and Charisma among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology.» London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Ahmed, Akbar S. 1980. «Pukhtun economy and society.» London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
- Banuazizi, Ali and Myron Weiner (eds.). 1994. «The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East).» Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0-8156-2608-8.
- Banuazizi, Ali and Myron Weiner (eds.). 1988. «The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East).» Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0-8156-2448-4.
- Caroe, Olaf. 1984. «The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957 (Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints).» Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-577221-0
- Dani, Ahmad Hasan. 1985. «Peshawar: Historic city of the Frontier.» Sang-e-Meel Publications (1995). ISBN 969-35-0554-9.
- Dupree, Louis. 1997. «Afghanistan.» Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-577634-8.
- Elphinstone, Mountstuart. 1815. «An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India: comprising a view of the Afghaun nation.» Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst (1969).
- Habibi, Abdul Hai. 2003. «Afghanistan: An Abridged History.» Fenestra Books. ISBN 1-58736-169-8.
- Hopkirk, Peter. 1984. «The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia.» Kodansha Globe; Reprint edition. ISBN 1-56836-022-3.
- Wardak, Ali «Jirga — A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan» Архівавана 7 кастрычніка 2006., 2003, online at (the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance).
- «A Study of the Greek Ancestry of Northern Pakistani Ethnic Groups Using 115 Microsatellite Markers.» A. Mansoor, Q. Ayub, et al.Am. J. Human Genetics, Oct 2001 v69 i4 p399.
Спасылкі
- Studies of the Pashtun family Архівавана 15 чэрвеня 2006.
- Afghan Women’s Network Архівавана 17 кастрычніка 2016.
- A Nation Displaced: The world’s largest refugee population Архівавана 28 чэрвеня 2006.
- Ethnologue Pashto
- Pathan/Pashtun population geographic distribution and statistics Архівавана 15 кастрычніка 2007.
- UNHCR «BETRAYED AND ABANDONED» AFGHAN REFUGEES: HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT Архівавана 4 красавіка 2023.
- Afghan refugees in Iran Архівавана 2 кастрычніка 2006.
Аўтар: www.NiNa.Az
Дата публікацыі:
Pushtuny pashtuny pushtu پښتون zah paʂtun ush paxtun pers پختون paextun urdu پٹھان hindzi पठ न paṭhan peʈʰaːn abo afgancy pers افغانی aefʁɒːniː yaki nasyalyae galoynym chynam paydnyovy yshod poydzen i paydnyovy zahad Afganistana i paynochny zahad Pakistana asnoynymi admetnymi haraktarystykami yakoga sluzhac ushodneiranskaya mova pushtu tradycyi kodeks gonaru i razgalinavanaya roda plemyannaya struktura Dakladnaya kolkasc pushtunay ne mozha byc padlichana z prychyny adsutnasci perapisay u Afganistane z 1979 goda ale pryblizna yana acenvaecca y 42 mln chal z ih tolki kalya 30 prazhyvae y Afganistane dze pushtuny vyaduchy i daminantny etnas krainy PushtunySamanazva pushtu پښتون pers پختونKolkasc 42 mln chalavekRassyalenne Pakistan 28 mln chal Afganistan 12 mln chal AAE 315 5 tys chal Iran 141 tys chal 937 6 tys chal Vyalikabrytaniya 100 tys chal Kanada 26 tys chal Indyya 11 tys chal ZShA 7 71 tys chal Malajziya i Singapur 5 1 tys chal Etnichnyya movy pushtu taksama urdu daryTradycyjnyya religii kanfesii islam peravazh sunickaga tolku Blizkiya etnasyVyadomyya pushtunyAbdul Gafar hanZnoskiPopulation by Mother Tongue Arhivavana 24 maya 2006 Population Census Organization Government of Pakistan Retrieved 7 June 2006 Census of Afghans in Pakistan UNHCR Statistical Summary Report Retrieved 10 October 2006 Afghanistan Arhivavana 20 verasnya 2017 CIA World Factbook Retrieved 7 June 2006 United Arab Emirates Demography Britannica com Retrieved 15 March 2008 Joshua Project People in Country Profile Pashtun United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2010 UNHCR country operations profile Islamic Republic of Iran nyavyzn Unhcr org Praverana 17 krasavika 2010 Maclean William 2009 06 10 Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns Reuters Praverana 2009 08 06 Ethnic origins 2006 counts for Canada nyavyzn nedastupnaya spasylka 2 statcan ca 11 snezhnya 2009 Arhivavana z pershakrynicy 6 studzenya 2019 Praverana 17 krasavika 2010 Abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2001 Census of India Retrieved 17 March 2008 Language Spoken at Home US Census Bureau Retrieved 15 March 2008 http www joshuaproject net peopctry php Retrieved 6 September 2008 Globalized Islam The Search For A New Ummah By Olivier Roy pg 261 Khushal Khan Khattak nyavyzn nedastupnaya spasylka Arhivavana z pershakrynicy 14 lyutaga 2012 Praverana 9 zhniynya 2012 Pashtun Ethnic Agenda at Heart of Afghan WarLitaraturaAhmad Aisha and Boase Roger 2003 Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan Afghan Frontier From the Pakistan Afghan Frontier Saqi Books March 1 2003 ISBN 0 86356 438 0 Ahmed Akbar S 1976 Millennium and Charisma among Pathans A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology London Routledge amp Kegan Paul Ahmed Akbar S 1980 Pukhtun economy and society London Routledge and Kegan Paul Banuazizi Ali and Myron Weiner eds 1994 The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan Iran and Pakistan Contemporary Issues in the Middle East Syracuse University Press ISBN 0 8156 2608 8 Banuazizi Ali and Myron Weiner eds 1988 The State Religion and Ethnic Politics Afghanistan Iran and Pakistan Contemporary Issues in the Middle East Syracuse University Press ISBN 0 8156 2448 4 Caroe Olaf 1984 The Pathans 500 B C A D 1957 Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 577221 0 Dani Ahmad Hasan 1985 Peshawar Historic city of the Frontier Sang e Meel Publications 1995 ISBN 969 35 0554 9 Dupree Louis 1997 Afghanistan Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 577634 8 Elphinstone Mountstuart 1815 An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia Tartary and India comprising a view of the Afghaun nation Akadem Druck u Verlagsanst 1969 Habibi Abdul Hai 2003 Afghanistan An Abridged History Fenestra Books ISBN 1 58736 169 8 Hopkirk Peter 1984 The Great Game The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia Kodansha Globe Reprint edition ISBN 1 56836 022 3 Wardak Ali Jirga A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan Arhivavana 7 kastrychnika 2006 2003 online at the United Nations Online Network in Public Administration and Finance A Study of the Greek Ancestry of Northern Pakistani Ethnic Groups Using 115 Microsatellite Markers A Mansoor Q Ayub et al Am J Human Genetics Oct 2001 v69 i4 p399 SpasylkiStudies of the Pashtun family Arhivavana 15 chervenya 2006 Afghan Women s Network Arhivavana 17 kastrychnika 2016 A Nation Displaced The world s largest refugee population Arhivavana 28 chervenya 2006 Ethnologue Pashto Pathan Pashtun population geographic distribution and statistics Arhivavana 15 kastrychnika 2007 UNHCR BETRAYED AND ABANDONED AFGHAN REFUGEES HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT Arhivavana 4 krasavika 2023 Afghan refugees in Iran Arhivavana 2 kastrychnika 2006